The Welpr Rating is determined by a scoring formula. The formula takes into account the products safety, user satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing. Click here to learn more.

What we look for:

  • Natural fragrance from essential oils, botanical extracts, or natural isolates
  • Organic alcohol or natural oil carriers like jojoba or coconut
  • Third party certification on synthetics
  • Always free from phthalates, parabens, PEGs, artificial dyes, and formaldehyde-releasing ingredients
  • Full transparency with every ingredient clearly listed

View our full standards here.

Our Methodology and Ratings

Find Non-Toxic Cologne

Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.

Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.

User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.

Eau de Parfum - Henry Rose

Eau de Parfum - Henry Rose
Welpr Rating
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Welpr rating icon
4.9
/5
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Buy Now
on Credo Beauty

Certifications

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<p>This product is <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#welpr-approved" target="_blank">Welpr Approved</a>, meaning it has been vetted against our <a href="https://www.welpr.com/how-we-vet-products/bath-body-hair-makeup" target="_blank">fragrance standards</a> and contains no ingredients from our no list.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#ewg" target="_blank">EWG Verified certification</a> indicates that a product meets rigorous health and environmental safety standards, provide full ingredient transparency, and avoid harmful substances. EWG ratings may change. Check the source for most up to date rating. <a href="https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/products/829062-Henry_Rose_Fragrance_Jakes_House/" target="_blank">Source</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#cradle-to-cradle-certified" target="_blank">Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard</a> evaluates materials and products for safety, circularity, and responsibility within five sustainability categories: material health, product circularity, clean air and climate protection, water and soil stewardship, and social fairness. <a href="https://c2ccertified.org/certified-products/henry-rose-fragrances" target="_blank">Source</a>.</p>

Highlights

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This product is free from heavy metals like lead and cadmium, which can build up in the body and are linked to developmental, reproductive, and organ toxicity.
This product is free from harsh sulfates like SLS and SLES, which can strip skin and scalp and trigger irritation.
This brand uses sustainable packaging to reduce waste and environmental impact.
This product is free from synthetic dyes that may irritate skin or cause behavioral issues.
This product is free from phthalates, a type of plasticizer linked to hormone disruption and reduced fertility.
This product is free from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents, preservatives that release toxic gas linked to cancer, allergies, and skin irritation.
This product is cruelty-free, meaning it was not tested on animals—look for certification from Leaping Bunny or PETA to verify the claim.
This product does not contain Bisphenol A (BPA), a plastic chemical linked to hormone disruption. BPA-free is a good start, but alternatives like BPS and BPF can be just as harmful, so we call those out too.
This product does not contain PFAS, a group of forever chemicals used to make things nonstick, stain-resistant, or waterproof. That includes PTFE, PFOA, and thousands of other compounds linked to hormone disruption and long-term health risks.
This product is free from parabens, a class of preservatives linked to hormone disruption and breast cancer.
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Est. Price
$167.00
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Product Details

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  • Described as a clean, genderless eau de parfum.
  • Combines watery clean freshness with honeyed neroli for a light and clean musky finish.
  • Top notes include Fresh Marine.
  • Middle notes are composed of Neroli, Peony, and Jasmine.
  • Base notes feature Ambroxan and Musk.
  • Can be sprayed on pulse points or all over the body.
  • Usable alone or layered with other Henry Rose fragrances to create a unique scent.

Pros & Cons

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Pros

  • Soft, unisex scent with a calming muskiness that transitions from marine to warm tones.
  • Long-lasting fragrance that users love carrying for quick refreshes throughout the day.
  • Highly praised as a signature scent by repeat customers.
  • Available in convenient sizes including travel sprays for on-the-go use.
  • Clean, non-toxic formulation that appeals to health-conscious users.

Cons

  • Some users note that shipping fees, especially for smaller tester bottles, can be high.

Ingredients

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Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.


Ingredients: Water, Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Disclosed Fragrance, Components: Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes (Octahydro-Methoxy-Tetramethyl-Methanoazulene), Ethylene Brassylate, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate (Hedione), Propanedioic Acid, 1-(3; 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl Ethyl Ester, Pentadecalactone, Methylcyclopentadecenone, Ambrettolide, Dodecahydro-3a, 6, 6, 9a-Tetramethylnaphtho(2; 1-b)Furan, 1-Propanol, 2-[1-(3; 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]-2-Methyl-, Propanoate, Propanoic Acid, 2-Methyl-, 2-Phenoxyethyl Ester, Vetiveria Zizanioides (Vetiver) Oil, Trimethyl-Propylcyclohexanepropanol, Cyclohexanol, 2-(1; 1-Dimethylethyl)-, Acetate, Cis-, Benzyl Acetate, Propanedioic Acid, Diethyl Ester, Heptanoic Acid, 2-Propenyl Ester, Butanoic Acid, 1, 1-Dimethyl-2-Phenylethyl Ester, Gamma-Undecalactone, 2,6-Dimethyl-7-Octen-2-Ol, Pentanoic Acid, 2-Methyl-, Ethyl Ester

Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.

Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.

User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.

Full Collection Discovery Set - Henry Rose

Full Collection Discovery Set - Henry Rose
Welpr Rating
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Welpr rating icon
4.85
/5
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Certifications

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<p>This product is <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#welpr-approved" target="_blank">Welpr Approved</a>, meaning it has been vetted against our <a href="https://www.welpr.com/how-we-vet-products/bath-body-hair-makeup" target="_blank">fragrance standards</a> and contains no ingredients from our no list.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#ewg" target="_blank">EWG Verified certification</a> indicates that a product meets rigorous health and environmental safety standards, provide full ingredient transparency, and avoid harmful substances. EWG ratings may change. Check the source for most up to date rating. <a href="https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/search/?search=Henry+Rose+Fragrance" target="_blank">Source</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#cradle-to-cradle-certified" target="_blank">Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard</a> evaluates materials and products for safety, circularity, and responsibility within five sustainability categories: material health, product circularity, clean air and climate protection, water and soil stewardship, and social fairness. <a href="https://c2ccertified.org/certified-products/henry-rose-fragrances" target="_blank">Source</a>.</p>

Highlights

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This product is free from heavy metals like lead and cadmium, which can build up in the body and are linked to developmental, reproductive, and organ toxicity.
This product is free from harsh sulfates like SLS and SLES, which can strip skin and scalp and trigger irritation.
This brand uses sustainable packaging to reduce waste and environmental impact.
This product is free from synthetic dyes that may irritate skin or cause behavioral issues.
This product is free from phthalates, a type of plasticizer linked to hormone disruption and reduced fertility.
This product is free from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents, preservatives that release toxic gas linked to cancer, allergies, and skin irritation.
This product is cruelty-free, meaning it was not tested on animals—look for certification from Leaping Bunny or PETA to verify the claim.
This product does not contain Bisphenol A (BPA), a plastic chemical linked to hormone disruption. BPA-free is a good start, but alternatives like BPS and BPF can be just as harmful, so we call those out too.
This product does not contain PFAS, a group of forever chemicals used to make things nonstick, stain-resistant, or waterproof. That includes PTFE, PFOA, and thousands of other compounds linked to hormone disruption and long-term health risks.
This product is free from parabens, a class of preservatives linked to hormone disruption and breast cancer.

User Satisfaction

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We only include products on Welpr that are the best of the best. A GOOD user satisfaction score indicates the product is in the bottom third of the best products.
Est. Price
$62.48
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Product Details

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  • Experience hypoallergenic, cruelty-free, and EWG Verified fragrances for peace of mind.
  • Explore your signature scent or create a personalized aroma by layering fragrances.
  • Perfect for gifting to fragrance enthusiasts or anyone seeking clean and beautiful scents.
  • Enhance the fragrance longevity by applying it on the warmth of your body.

Pros & Cons

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Pros

  • Delightful, varied scents, providing a new fragrance experience daily.
  • Beautifully packaged, ensuring no leaks during delivery.
  • Perfect for those avoiding harmful ingredients, with a clean EWG rating.
  • Generously offers a multitude of enjoyable fragrances for diverse preferences.

Cons

  • Some may find the vial springs can be faulty, potentially leading to minor leaks.

Ingredients

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Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.


Ingredients: Water, Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Disclosed Fragrance, Components: Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes, Octahydro-Methoxy-Tetramethyl-Methanoazulene, Ethylene Brassylate, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Hedione, Propanedioic Acid,1-(3, 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)Ethyl Ethyl Ester, Pentadecalactone, Methylcyclopentadecenone, Ambrettolide, Dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-Tetramethylnaphtho, 1-Propanol,2-[1-(3, 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)Ethoxy]-2-Methyl-, Propanoate, Propanoic Acid,2-Methyl-,2-Phenoxyethyl Ester, Vetiveria Zizanioides, Vetiver Oil, Trimethyl-Propylcyclohexanepropanol, Cyclohexanol,2-(1, 1-Dimethylethyl)-, Acetate,Cis-, Benzyl Acetate, Propanedioic Acid, Diethyl Ester, Heptanoic Acid,2-Propenyl Ester, Butanoic Acid,1,1-Dimethyl-2-Phenylethyl Ester, Gamma-Undecalactone, 2,6-Dimethyl-7-Octen-2-Ol, Pentanoic Acid,2-Methyl-, Ethyl Ester

Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.

Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.

User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.

No. 1 Cologne for Men - DIME Beauty

No. 1 Cologne for Men - DIME Beauty
Welpr Rating
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Welpr rating icon
4.8
/5
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Certifications

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<p>This product is <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#welpr-approved" target="_blank">Welpr Approved</a>, meaning it has been vetted against our <a href="https://www.welpr.com/how-we-vet-products/bath-body-hair-makeup" target="_blank">fragrance standards</a> and contains no ingredients from our no list.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#leaping-bunny" target="_blank">Leaping Bunny certification</a> assures that products are genuinely cruelty-free, verified through rigorous audits and a comprehensive Supplier Monitoring System.</p>

Highlights

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This product is vegan, meaning it contains no animal-derived ingredients—look for a certification like PETA or Vegan.org to verify the claim.
This product is free from synthetic dyes that may irritate skin or cause behavioral issues.
This product is free from phthalates, a type of plasticizer linked to hormone disruption and reduced fertility.
This product is free from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents, preservatives that release toxic gas linked to cancer, allergies, and skin irritation.
This product is cruelty-free, meaning it was not tested on animals—look for certification from Leaping Bunny or PETA to verify the claim.
The Made in USA label indicates that a product has substantial U.S. content and manufacturing.
This product is free from parabens, a class of preservatives linked to hormone disruption and breast cancer.

User Satisfaction

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We only include products on Welpr that are the best of the best. An EXCELLENT user satisfaction score indicates the product is in the top third of the best products.
Est. Price
$62.00
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Product Details

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  • Free from harsh chemicals, thanks to organic sugar cane alcohol instead of aggressive alcohol SD 40.
  • Hypoallergenic with carefully blended botanical-based and lab-made ingredients to protect sensitive skin.
  • Environmentally responsible with sustainable packaging and a focus on well-being.
  • Cruelty-free and vegan, ensuring no harm to animals in the making of this fragrance.
  • Safe to use daily with ingredients rated safe by the Environmental Working Group.

Pros & Cons

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Pros

  • The fresh, masculine scent with a woodsy undertone is appealing and sophisticated.
  • Non-toxic formula provides peace of mind for those concerned about harmful chemicals.
  • Long-lasting fragrance that can linger softly throughout the day.
  • Versatile for everyday wear and special occasions without being overpowering.
  • Many users appreciate it as a perfect gift or daily wear for their spouses.

Cons

  • Some users find the scent too strong and overwhelming, especially if preferring lighter fragrances.
  • Potential packaging issues like leaking could be improved.

Ingredients

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Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.


Ingredients: Water, Dipropylene Glycol, Iso E Super, Habanolide, Dihydro Myrcenol, Verdox, Ethylene Brassylate, Lemon Oil California Type, Linalool, Linalyl Acetate, Kephalis, Methyl Pamplemousse, Ethyl Linalool, Bergamot Oil Ns, Bois Ambrene Forte, Orange Terpenes, Hedione, Amber Xtreme, Cedramber, Bicyclononalactone, Muscenone, Lavender Oil Barreme Nat, Vanillin, Vanillin Iso-Butyrate, Ambroxan, Anethole, Bacdanol, Trimofix O, Helional, Ionone Alpha, Allyl Amyl Glycolate, Amyl Salicylate, Vetiver Oil Haiti, Hexyl Acetate, Styrallyl Acetate, Cardamon Oil, Cyclogalbanate, Patchouli Light He, Phenoxanol, Rosemary Essential Oil, Allylcyclohexylpropionate, Mousse De Metra, Baie Rose Ext Co2, Benzyl Propionate, Calone 1951, Ebanol, Ethyl 2.4 Decadienoate, Floralozone, Galbascone, Heliotropine, Javanol, Nootkatone, Rhubofix, Veltol Plus, Vetiver Acetate, Manzanate, Alpha-Damascone, Fennel Oil Sweet, Allyl Heptanoate, Citral 95, Undecavertol, Ginger Fresh Oil, Damascenone, Liffarome, Mandarin Ald, Hivernal Neo

Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.

Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.

User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.

Calming & Soothing Stress Relief Fragrance - The Nue Co.

Calming & Soothing Stress Relief Fragrance - The Nue Co.
Welpr Rating
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Welpr rating icon
4.75
/5
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Certifications

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<p>This product is <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#welpr-approved" target="_blank">Welpr Approved</a>, meaning it has been vetted against our <a href="https://www.welpr.com/how-we-vet-products/bath-body-hair-makeup" target="_blank">fragrance standards</a> and contains no ingredients from our no list.</p>
<p>Products rated <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#ewg" target="_blank">EWG-2</a> feature a low potential hazard rating and good or robust ingredient transparency. EWG ratings may change. Check the source for most up to date rating. <a href="https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/products/987161-The_Nue_Co_Unisex_Functional_Fragrance/" target="_blank">Source</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#certified-b-corp" target="_blank">B Corp certification</a> indicates that a company meets high social and environmental standards.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#certified-plastic-neutral" target="_blank">Plastic Neutral Certified</a> label indicates that a brand has measured and offset its plastic footprint by supporting equivalent plastic waste recovery and recycling efforts.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#peta-certified" target="_blank">PETA certification</a> identifies cosmetics, personal-care, and household products as cruelty-free ensuring no animal testing or animal-derived ingredients are used worldwide.</p>

Highlights

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This product is vegan, meaning it contains no animal-derived ingredients—look for a certification like PETA or Vegan.org to verify the claim.
This product is free from synthetic dyes that may irritate skin or cause behavioral issues.
This product is free from phthalates, a type of plasticizer linked to hormone disruption and reduced fertility.
This product is free from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents, preservatives that release toxic gas linked to cancer, allergies, and skin irritation.
This product is cruelty-free, meaning it was not tested on animals—look for certification from Leaping Bunny or PETA to verify the claim.
This product is free from parabens, a class of preservatives linked to hormone disruption and breast cancer.

User Satisfaction

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We only include products on Welpr that are the best of the best. A GREAT user satisfaction score indicates the product is in the middle third of the best products.
Est. Price
$125.00
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Product Details

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  • Invigorates mental energy using olfactory technology to help improve focus and clarity.
  • Provides a mental pick-me-up or creative reset when needed.
  • Made with natural ingredients like clary sage, juniper, pink peppercorn, and clove.
  • Peppery and fresh scent with a warm, velvety base.
  • Vegan formula suitable for health-conscious individuals.

Pros & Cons

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Pros

  • Calming scent that helps uplift mood and soothe tension.
  • Long-lasting fragrance that appeals to both genders.
  • Woodsy and earthy notes create a unique aromatic experience.
  • Cruelty-free, vegan, and free of parabens and phthalates – great for the health-conscious.
  • Easy to use and perfect for on-the-go or at-home relaxation.

Cons

  • Some users found the scent to be too strong or unexpected, resembling cleaning products.
  • May not evoke immediate feelings of calm for everyone; effects can vary.

Ingredients

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Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.


Ingredients: Alcohol Denat., Fragrance (Parfum), Water (Aqua), Benzyyl Salicylate, Citral, Citronellol, Eugenol, Farnesol, Geranoil, Limonene, Linalool

Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.

Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.

User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.

Genderless + Vegan Eau de Parfum - Dedcool

Genderless + Vegan Eau de Parfum - Dedcool
Welpr Rating
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Welpr rating icon
4.7
/5
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Buy Now
on Credo Beauty

Certifications

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<p>This product is <a href="https://www.welpr.com/certifications#welpr-approved" target="_blank">Welpr Approved</a>, meaning it has been vetted against our <a href="https://www.welpr.com/how-we-vet-products/bath-body-hair-makeup" target="_blank">fragrance standards</a> and contains no ingredients from our no list.</p>

Highlights

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This product is vegan, meaning it contains no animal-derived ingredients—look for a certification like PETA or Vegan.org to verify the claim.
This product is free from synthetic dyes that may irritate skin or cause behavioral issues.
This product is free from phthalates, a type of plasticizer linked to hormone disruption and reduced fertility.
This product is free from formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents, preservatives that release toxic gas linked to cancer, allergies, and skin irritation.
This product is cruelty-free, meaning it was not tested on animals—look for certification from Leaping Bunny or PETA to verify the claim.
The Made in USA label indicates that a product has substantial U.S. content and manufacturing.
This product is free from parabens, a class of preservatives linked to hormone disruption and breast cancer.

User Satisfaction

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We only include products on Welpr that are the best of the best. A GOOD user satisfaction score indicates the product is in the bottom third of the best products.
Est. Price
$90.00
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Product Details

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  • Captivates and transforms ordinary moments into unforgettable experiences.
  • Versatile, genderless fragrance that adapts to every individual.
  • Offers long-lasting elegance with a scent that lingers throughout the day.
  • Crafted with 100% organic and natural plant extracts, free from toxic ingredients.
  • Reflects a dedication to clean, eco-friendly and sustainable choices.

Pros & Cons

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Pros

  • Soft, pleasant scent that is well-loved and often complimented.
  • Appears clean and subtle, suitable for everyday wear.
  • Unisex appeal, with a feminine touch appreciated by many.
  • Some users find it long-lasting and worth investing in.

Cons

  • Some users report issues with scent longevity.
  • Occasional product inconsistencies, such as alcohol-like scent and defective nozzles, have been noted.

Ingredients

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Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.


Ingredients: Alcohol Denat, Fragrance, *Cert Organic Extracts Of Borago Officinals (Borage)*, Sambucus Nigra (Elder) Flower Extract, Camellia Sinesis (White Tea) Leaf Extract, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract, Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Extract, Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Extract, Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Extract, Althaea Officinalis (Marshmallow) Root Extract, Rosa Canina Fruit (Rose Hip) Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract (Chamomile)

Our Product Rating System

Our Product Rating System

First, Camille (co-creator of Welpr) hand picks cleaner product options from a variety of sources.

Next, we collect information about each product's safety, consumer satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing.

Finally, we run all this information through an algorithm that calculates the Welpr Rating.

Welpr Rating:

5.0/5

The Welpr Rating takes into account 3 things:

  1. Product Safety
  2. Consumer Satisfaction
  3. Ethics & Environment
Product safety

Part 1: Product safety

We evaluate safety information from 3rd party organizations (e.g. EWG, Made Safe, etc.). Instead of relying solely on any one of these companies for safety information, we assess all of them.

Consumer satisfaction

Part 2: Consumer satisfaction

We scour the web for consumer ratings and reviews to verify products are not only cleaner options, but also effective. Products can either be Above Average, Average, or Below average for their respective category (e.g. cleaning products).

Ethics & Environment

Part 3: Ethics & Environment

When you buy a product, you’re supporting that company with your dollars. We believe it’s important to support ethical companies, so we pool together certifications that verify a company's ethics and environmental impact.

Common Harmful Chemicals in Cologne

Chemical Name

Why it’s harmful

Linalool

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, consisting of two enantiomers. It is widely used in commercial products for its pleasant floral and spicy scent, serving as a key ingredient in soaps, fragrances, food flavors, household products, and insecticides. In plants, linalool functions as a metabolite, volatile oil component, antimicrobial agent, and aroma compound. Acute exposure to linalool can lead to central depressive effects with symptoms such as ataxia, reduced motor activity, and respiratory disturbances. Additionally, inhalation, oral intake, or skin absorption can result in irritation, pain, and allergic reactions.

Butylated Hydroxytoluene

BHT, a toluene-based ingredient, serves as a preservative in food and personal care products. Safety assessments have noted toxic effects in lung tissue when BHT was applied to rats' skin but considered the low concentrations in cosmetics safe. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) suggests moderate evidence of BHT being a respiratory irritant in humans.

Phthalate

Phthalates, linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and cancer, are banned in the European Union but remain prevalent in U.S. cosmetics. They are widely used in personal care products, such as nail polish, fragrances, and eyelash glue and other products. A significant loophole allows phthalates to be added to fragrances without disclosure. Health concerns include endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity.

Styrene

Styrene is a colorless to yellowish, oily liquid used mainly in plastic, synthetic rubber, and resin production but also as a flavoring agent. Acute human exposure can cause irritation, drowsiness, and vertigo, with skin blistering and dermatitis resulting from long-term contact. It has been linked to increased rates of certain types of cancer, liver effects, and problems with the reproductive system. Animal studies have similarly shown irritation, central nervous system effects, and links to cancers. Styrene's endocrine disruptor activity appears negligible in humans and other vertebrates, but there is evidence of impact in certain aquatic species.

d-Limonene

d-Limonene is a liquid with a lemon-like smell, often used as a solvent to substitute for more volatile and toxic organic solvents. When it comes into contact with air, it can oxidize, and this oxidized form is a known skin sensitizer, capable of irritating skin and eyes. The combination of d-limonene and l-limonene is known as limonene or dipentene. The estimated lethal dose for humans is between 0.5 to 5 g/kg, and studies have shown that it can cause diarrhea and liver effects when ingested in high doses.

Butylparaben

Butylparaben, a chemical used in various products, has been shown to cause skin irritation in humans and potential sensitization in dermatitis patients. Animal studies indicate that it has low to moderate oral toxicity and can cause damage to the liver, spleen, and thymus. It can also lead to cell proliferation in rats' stomachs, though it was not found to be carcinogenic or mutagenic. However, it may negatively impact sperm viability and activity, as demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Lastly, it proposed weaker aquatic toxicity compared to parabens with longer alkyl chains, but still showed estrogenic effects in certain fish species.

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Authors

Camille May, Product Curator

Hey, I’m Camille—co-creator of Welpr and your go-to guide for all things clean living. After selling my last company in the health food space, I went non-toxic to heal an autoimmune condition. It did wonders for my health, but navigating which products to buy wasn’t easy. We built Welpr to make that journey feel a bit easier.  When I’m not working on Welpr, you’ll usually find me in the sauna, sipping a raw milk latte while doing a puzzle, or walking with my pit bull Romeo in my hometown of Austin, TX.

Olushola M. Awoyemi, Medical Reviewer

Olushola M. Awoyemi (aka Shola) is a board-certified toxicologist and a research scientist with a PhD in Environmental Toxicology. Shola's long-term ambition is to be recognized as a world-renowned expert in toxicology, risk assessment, and management, with experience spanning across institutions like the US EPA, US FDA, NIEHS, USDA, UNEP, WHO, and possibly within Fortune 100 companies in the Chemical, Healthcare, Pharmaceutical, Consumer goods, or IT sectors.

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